4000 Essential English Words 5 » Unit 9: The Weaving Machine

Word List
  • archaic [ɑːrˈkeik] adj.
    If something is archaic, it is very old or outdated.
    To be competitive, we must update our archaic equipment.
  • benevolent [bəˈnevələnt] adj.
    If someone is benevolent, they are kind and generous.
    My father was a benevolent man and gave lots of money to charity.
  • brass [bræs] n.
    Brass is a metal that is used to make musical instruments and ornaments.
    Brass is used to make musical instruments like trumpets.
  • capitalism [ˈkæpitəlizəm] n.
    Capitalism is an economic system where private companies make goods for profit.
    Most industries in the world today are based on capitalism.
  • component [kəmˈpounənt] n.
    A component is a part of a larger machine.
    Computers have many different components, so they are complicated to build.
  • dependence [diˈpendəns] n.
    Dependence is a situation in which somebody relies on something else.
    Young children have a dependence on their parents.
  • diminish [dəˈminiʃ] v.
    To diminish means to reduce or get smaller.
    As the economy got worse, my savings diminished.
  • drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n.
    A drawback is a disadvantage.
    The drawback of having a car is that it is very expensive to maintain.
  • fad [fæd] n.
    A fad is something that is popular for a short time.
    The hula hoop was a fad for a few years, but it soon lost its popularity.
  • impose [imˈpouz] v.
    To impose means to interrupt or force your ideas on other people.
    He imposes on his wife every morning by expecting her to make breakfast.
  • managerial [ˌmænəˈdʒiəriəl] adj.
    Managerial describes something related to a manager or management.
    Nancy has a managerial position at the bank.
  • medieval [mi:diˈiːvəl] adj.
    If something is medieval, it comes from the period between 650 and 1500 CE.
    We visited a castle that was built during medieval times.
  • obsolete [ˈɒbsəliːt] adj.
    If something is obsolete, it is not used anymore because something better exists.
    Since computers became inexpensive, typewriters have become obsolete.
  • peninsula [pəˈninsələ] n.
    A peninsula is a large piece of land that is surrounded by the sea on three sides.
    The state of Florida is an example of a peninsula.
  • prestige [presˈtiːrdʒ] n.
    If a person has prestige, people admire or respect them.
    The young actress gained much prestige after she won an award.
  • proportion [prəˈpɔːrʃən] n.
    A proportion is an amount that shows the link between the parts and the whole.
    Only a small proportion of the people in this town actually work here.
  • radical [ˈrædikəl] adj.
    If something is radical, it is very new or different.
    The president is planning to make some radical changes to the law.
  • refute [riˈfjuːt] v.
    To refute something means to prove that it is false or incorrect.
    The bank manager has refuted the claims that he lied to his customers.
  • spectacular [spekˈtækjələr] adj.
    If something is spectacular, it looks or sounds very impressive.
    There was a spectacular fireworks display in the park at New Year.
  • weave [wiːv] v.
    To weave means to make cloth using horizontal and vertical threads.
    We saw a woman weave a blanket on our vacation to South America.
Exercise 1

Choose the answer that best fits the question.

  1. What is something that is archaic?
    • a. A computer
    • b. An Egyptian pyramid
    • c. Some bread
    • d. Space ships
  2. Which of these things is often made of brass?
    • a. A saxophone
    • b. A coat
    • c. A chair
    • d. A doll
  3. Which of these is a component in a radio?
    • a. Music
    • b. Wires
    • c. A television
    • d. Diamonds
  4. Which of these things could be seen during the medieval ages?
    • a. Telephones
    • b. Skateboards
    • c. Castles
    • d. Soda
  5. If you are on a small peninsula, you will be quite near to ______.
    • a. the mountains
    • b. a forest
    • c. the sea
    • d. the moon
Exercise 2

Choose the one that is opposite in meaning to the given word.

  1. weave
    • a. to sew
    • b. to create
    • c. to pull apart
    • d. to move
  2. managerial
    • a. entry-level
    • b. legislative
    • c. ruling
    • d. supervisory
  3. prestige
    • a. fame
    • b. honor
    • c. sin
    • d. lowliness
  4. drawback
    • a. artist
    • b. benefit
    • c. disadvantage
    • d. boost
  5. obsolete
    • a. old
    • b. innovative
    • c. stale
    • d. bright
Exercise 3

Choose the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

  1. benevolent
    • a. crazy
    • b. kind
    • c. angry
    • d. dark
  2. diminish
    • a. buy
    • b. decide
    • c. ignore
    • d. decrease
  3. radical
    • a. new
    • b. closure
    • c. picture
    • d. disadvantage
  4. spectacular
    • a. unusual
    • b. sad
    • c. amazing
    • d. sudden
  5. fad
    • a. trend
    • b. annoyance
    • c. equipment
    • d. sale
Exercise 4

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.

  1. ______ Knights in armor and their squires were common sites in medieval times.
  2. ______ Our new boss hasn’t made any changes to the company. He has very radical ideas.
  3. ______ I don’t want to impose on my father to help me with my homework. He’s very busy.
  4. ______ He refuted me because I didn’t wash the plates after dinner.
  5. ______ In capitalism, people can own just about any product or object they want.
Exercise 5

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

  1. Our hotel was situated on a piece of land that was surrounded by the sea on three sides.
    ____________
  2. Doctors say the exercise can reduce the chances of getting ill.
    ____________
  3. Children’s reliance on their parents decreases as they get older.
    ____________
  4. There are a number of disadvantages to taking up this new technology.
    ____________
  5. A large amount of students from my school want to go to university.
    ____________
  6. I need to buy some new parts for my computer to make it work properly.
    ____________
  7. I’m sorry to interrupt and intrude on you, but I need some help with my car.
    ____________
  8. The newspaper editor disproved the claim that the stories in the paper were untrue.
    ____________
  9. The show at the theater was very impressive.
    ____________
  10. The kind and generous women gave lots of money to help the poor.
    ____________
Answer Key
Exercise 1
  1. b
  2. a
  3. b
  4. c
  5. c
Exercise 2
  1. c
  2. a
  3. d
  4. c
  5. b
Exercise 3
  1. b
  2. d
  3. a
  4. c
  5. a
Exercise 4
  1. C
  2. I
  3. C
  4. I
  5. C
Exercise 5
  1. peninsula
  2. diminish
  3. dependence
  4. drawbacks
  5. proportion
  6. components
  7. impose
  8. refuted
  9. spectacular
  10. benevolent
Answer Key
The Weaving Machine

Mr. Joseph Franklin invented a machine that could weave cloth. It wove faster and straighter than anyone could weave by hand. He decided to take it to two cities on a peninsula, Netherton and Wilton. In these cities, a large proportion of the people worked in weaving. Joseph felt sure he could sell his machine there.

Joseph first took his machine to the mayor of Netherton. “Think of the money you will earn from this machine!” Joseph said to him.

But the mayor was a benevolent man. He knew about the people’s dependence on weaving for their livelihood. If he bought the machine, the people would lose their jobs. So he refused to buy it.

Joseph said, “We are no longer in the medieval age! Soon everything will be made by machines. Cloth made by hand will soon be obsolete. If you don’t change your archaic ways, your town’s income will diminish!”

But the mayor said, “I don’t like capitalism. Don’t impose your radical ideas on my town. Go away!”

So Joseph took his machine to the mayor at Wilton. This mayorthought Joseph’s machine was spectacular and spent a long time looking at its different components made of brass. The mayor couldn’t refute the fact that the machine had drawbacks that would affect the people’s jobs. But he realized the machine could bring money and prestige. So he ordered Joseph to build twenty of them.

Within a year, Wilton was a wealthy city, famous for its wonderful cloth. People no longer wove but worked in managerial jobs at cloth factories instead. Nobody bought the cloth from Netherton anymore. The people of Netherton became poor and hungry.

Finally, the mayor of Netherton called Joseph and said, “Now I realize that your machine is not just a passing fad. To succeed in business, we must be willing to change.” He then ordered twenty weaving machines.

After that, both Netherton and Wilton became rich cities, famous throughout the land for their wonderful cloth.

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ The mayor of Netherton wanted Joseph to impose his radical fad on the town.
    • _____________________________________________________
  2. _____ Joseph thought the mayor of Netherton’s ideas were medieval and archaic.
    • _____________________________________________________
  3. _____ The mayor of Wilton refuted the fact that the machine had drawbacks.
    • _____________________________________________________
  4. _____ In Wilton, the people who used to weave got managerial positions at the factories.
    • _____________________________________________________
  5. _____ In the end, capitalism brought prestige to both cities.
    • _____________________________________________________

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. What job did a large proportion of the people on the peninsula do?
    _____________
  2. According to Joseph, what will soon be obsolete?
    _____________
  3. What did the benevolent mayor of Netherton realize about the people’s dependence on weaving?
    _____________
  4. What did the mayor of Wilton realize about the spectacular machine with components made of brass?
    _____________
  5. Why did income diminish in Netherton after machines were introduced in Wilton?
    _____________
Answer Key
Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
Part A
  1. F / The mayor of Netherton didn’t want Joseph to impose his radical fad on the town.
  2. T
  3. F / The mayor of Wilton couldn’t refute the fact that the machine had drawbacks.
  4. T
  5. T
Part B
  1. A large proportion of the people worked in weaving.
  2. Cloth made by hand will soon be obsolete.
  3. If he bought the machine, the people would lose their jobs.
  4. He realized the machine could bring money and prestige.
  5. Nobody bought the poor cloth from Netherton anymore.
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