4000 Essential English Words 6 » Unit 14: The Coward’s Lesson

Word List
  • camouflage [ˈkæməflɑːʒ] n.
    Camouflage is something used to hide people and things.
    The green and brown camouflage was best used for hiding in forests and jungles.
  • contemplate [ˈkɒntəmpleit] v.
    To contemplate something means to think about it.
    Mark took a moment to contemplate the math problem before solving it.
  • contend [kənˈtend] v.
    To contend with something means to struggle to overcome it.
    Stacy had to contend with a learning disability throughout high school.
  • cot [kɒt] n.
    A cot is a small portable bed.
    At the camp, the boys’ cabin was lined with cots.
  • enlist [enˈlist] v.
    To enlist means to join the military.
    In their final year at school, the students were asked to enlist in the military.
  • frontier [ˈfrʌntiə:r] n.
    A frontier is a border between two regions or countries.
    A fence was built along the frontier where the river curved.
  • handbook [ˈhændbuk] n.
    A handbook is an item that gives specific information or instructions.
    If you look at the handbook, it will tell you which wires to connect to the TV.
  • hesitant [ˈhezətənt] adj.
    If someone is hesitant, then they are not sure or slow in acting or speaking.
    Though he knew the answer, he was hesitant to say it because he might be wrong.
  • lush [lʌʃ] adj.
    If something is lush, then it is full of a variety of large, healthy plants.
    The lush jungle was filled with plants, trees, and vines.
  • marrow [ˈmærou] n.
    Marrow is the soft substance in the center of bones.
    Dissolved marrow is a common ingredient in soups.
  • outfit [ˈautfit] n.
    An outfit is a set of clothes worn together, often for a certain job or event.
    Kelly’s new outfit made her look so glamourous.
  • paw [pɔ:] n.
    A paw is an animal’s foot that has claws or soft bottoms.
    The kitten cleaned its paws with its tongue.
  • quiver [ˈkwivər] v.
    To quiver means to tremble or shake.
    The flame on the candle quivered whenever someone opened or closed a door.
  • splendid [ˈsplendid] adj.
    If something or someone is splendid, then they are very good.
    From his head down to his shoes, his clothes looked splendid.
  • stray [strei] v.
    To stray means to go in a wrong direction and often become lost.
    He found himself lost because he had strayed from the tour group.
  • substantial [səbˈstænʃəl] adj.
    If something is substantial, then it is of great importance, size, or value.
    The bank said that he owed it a substantial amount of money.
  • torch [tɔːrtʃ] n.
    A torch is a stick with one end on fire that can be carried in order to give light.
    He grabbed a piece of wood and stuck it in the fire in order to make a torch.
  • tract [trækt] n.
    A tract is a large area of land.
    On the other side of the mountains was a long tract of forest.
  • vigil [ˈvidʒəl] n.
    A vigil is a period of watchful attention at night fora specific purpose.
    He had a vigil in front of the tomb for three days.
  • weary [ˈwiəri] adj.
    If someone is weary, then they are tired.
    Jane was weary after a long day of work.
Exercise 1

Choose the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

  1. paw
    • a. father
    • b. foot
    • c. fort
    • d. fashion
  2. cot
    • a. chamber
    • b. bed
    • c. fabric
    • d. hut
  3. camouflage
    • a. disguise
    • b. funny
    • c. tired
    • d. scared
  4. lush
    • a. shelf
    • b. poem
    • c. weather
    • d. green
  5. substantial
    • a. backward
    • b. majestic
    • c. large
    • d. comfortable
Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank.

WORD BLANK
camouflage outfit weary handbook
lush torches paw vigil
enlist contemplated    

At first, he didn’t know to which animal the 1___________ ’s print belonged.
But after he looked it up in the 2___________ , he knew what it was.

He decided to 3___________ in the army.
After he was done signing the papers, he dressed in his new 4___________ .

She was supposed to keep a(n) 5___________ all night.
However, she soon became 6___________ and fell asleep.

Because the forest was so 7___________ , it was dark inside even during the day.
So, in order to see the path, the explorers had to light their 8___________ .

He 9___________ how to get the stains out of his favorite suit.
At last, Mark decided to wear another 10___________ .

Exercise 3

Choose the one that is opposite in meaning to the given word.

  1. contend
    • a. give up
    • b. ready
    • c. quick
    • d. ugly
  2. substantial
    • a. bright
    • b. runny
    • c. small
    • d. handsome
  3. hesitant
    • a. visible
    • b. certain
    • c. colorful
    • d. broken
  4. splendid
    • a. night
    • b. whale
    • c. terrible
    • d. skin
  5. enlist
    • a. resign
    • b. erase
    • c. boil
    • d. increase
Exercise 4

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.

  1. ______ I am so weary. The loud music kept me awake most of last night.
  2. ______ The pages in the book were quivering with sheer horror.
  3. ______ Bill was hesitant to speak to his teacher. But after thinking about it, he talked to her.
  4. ______ You can tell that the bones are old because they don’t have any marrow left in them.
  5. ______ I have five siblings. We often contend with each other for our parents’ attention.
  6. ______ After the meal, Father strayed the bill, and we left.
  7. ______ Mountains divide the northern frontier from the southern plains.
  8. ______ He parked the car in the cot but didn’t notice he was on the wrong street.
  9. ______ I installed a new tract in the bathroom today.
  10. ______ I had to contemplate what I was going to do with my life.
Answer Key
Exercise 1
  1. b
  2. b
  3. a
  4. d
  5. c
Exercise 2
  1. paw
  2. handbook
  3. enlist
  4. camouflage
  5. vigil
  6. weary
  7. lush
  8. torches
  9. contemplated
  10. outfit
Exercise 3
  1. a
  2. c
  3. b
  4. c
  5. a
Exercise 4
  1. C
  2. I
  3. C
  4. C
  5. C
  6. I
  7. C
  8. I
  9. I
  10. C
Answer Key
The Coward’s Lesson

Tom was easily frightened. He enlisted in the army because he thought the military would teach him courage. And though he needed courage, he never imagined how he would learn it.

During a march across a tract of wilderness near his country’s frontier, Tom strayed from his squad. He had stopped to gaze at a splendid view of a lush valley. When he turned around, his squad was gone. He searched for them, but because their outfits had camouflage, he couldn’t find them.

It was getting dark, and Tom grew weary. All he had was a knife, a boomerang, and his handbook. He made a camp for the night. It was cold, and the ground was hard. He wished he had his cot and a blanket. Instead, he made a fire, wrapped himself tightly in his jacket, and fell asleep.

A loud noise roused him from his sleep. “What was that?” he wondered.

Then he noticed it. An animal of substantial size had left a print from its paw in the dirt. He sat closer to the fire and looked into the darkness. He imagined a large beast jumping from the gloom and attacking him. He shook so much from fear that it felt like the marrow in his bones quivered.

Tom contemplated many different plans. He was hesitant to act. He decided to stay by the fire, but during his vigil, he heard more noises.

He couldn’t contend with his fear any longer. He knew what he had to do. He made a torch and followed the prints. He heard a twig snap very close ahead, but he bravely went on. Seconds later, he discovered what had scared him. It was only a kangaroo.

Tom went back to his camp and slept. In the morning, he found his squad. He had finally learned courage. He learned that he had to confront his fear in order to conquer it.

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ Tom strayed from his squad to gaze at a splendid view of a lush forest near the frontier.
    • _____________________________________________________
  2. _____ Tom couldn’t find his squad on the tract of wilderness because their outfits had camouflage.
    • _____________________________________________________
  3. _____ All Tom had with him was his cot, a boomerang, and his handbook.
    • _____________________________________________________
  4. _____ A monster of substantial size left a print from its paw in the dirt near Tom’s fire.
    • _____________________________________________________
  5. _____ A loud noise woke him from his sleep.
    • _____________________________________________________

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. Why did Tom enlist in the military?
    _____________
  2. What roused Tom from his sleep?
    _____________
  3. What caused Tom to shake so much that the marrow in his bones quivered?
    _____________
  4. Though he contemplated many plans, he was hesitant to act. What did he finally decide to do?
    _____________
  5. During his vigil, what could Tom not contend with any longer?
    _____________
Answer Key
Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
Part A
  1. F / Tom strayed from his squad to gaze at a splendid view of a lush valley near the forest.
  2. T
  3. F / All Tom had with him was a knife, a boomerang, and his handbook.
  4. F / A kangaroo of substantial size left a print from its paw in the dirt near Tom’s fire.
  5. T
Part B
  1. He enlisted in the army because he thought the military would teach him courage.
  2. A loud noise roused him from his sleep.
  3. Fear caused Tom to shake so much that the marrow in his bones quivered.
  4. He decided to stay by the fire.
  5. He couldn't contend with his fear any longer.
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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 1: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 2: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 3: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 4: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 5: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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