4000 Essential English Words 6 » Unit 17: The Tenacious Inventor

Word List
  • accelerate [ækˈseləreit] v.
    To accelerate means to increase in speed.
    When he stepped on the gas pedal, the motorcycle accelerated.
  • anew [əˈnjuː] adv.
    If you do something anew, you do it again and in a different way.
    Though he had failed his driving test, he decided to try it anew.
  • defect [ˈdiːfekt] n.
    A defect is a part of something that is wrong or missing.
    All these bottles have a defect and must be sent back to the warehouse.
  • dreary [ˈdriəri] adj.
    If something is dreary, then it is dull, dark, and lifeless.
    After the fire, this section of forest is rather dreary.
  • duplicate [ˈdjuːpləkeit] v.
    To duplicate something means to copy it.
    She duplicated her friend’s movements like she was in front of a mirror.
  • electromagnetic [iˈlektroumægˈnetik] adj.
    If something is electromagnetic, it is related to electricity and magnetic fields.
    Different colors of light come from different levels of electromagnetic energy.
  • electron [iˈlektrɒn] n.
    An electron is a particle in all atoms that has a negative electric charge.
    The number of electrons in an atom determines the substance the atoms make.
  • glide [glaid] v.
    To glide means to fly on extended wings with little or no effort.
    When the wind is blowing, birds can glide easily through the sky.
  • ingenious [inˈdʒiːnjəs] adj.
    If someone is ingenious, then they are very smart.
    Charles was the only person ingenious enough to repair the plane’s engines.
  • innovation [inouˈveiʃən] n.
    An innovation is a product or an idea that is new or very original.
    Mrs. Johnson made a great innovation to the company’s business plan.
  • innovative [inouˈveitiv] adj.
    If something or someone is innovative, they can think in creative ways.
    Since Peter was so innovative, he was chosen to lead the science team.
  • launch [lɔːntʃ] v.
    To launch something means to make it go into motion.
    The boat launched from the dock and floated down the river.
  • meteorological [ˌmiːtiərəˈlɒdʒikəl] adj.
    If something is meteorological, it is concerned with the science of weather.
    The thunderstorm was so large that it became a great meteorological event.
  • meteorology [ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒi] n.
    Meteorology is the science that studies the weather.
    In order to understand the weather, you have to study meteorology.
  • penetrate [ˈpenətreit] v.
    To penetrate something means to enter into it.
    The knife easily penetrated the surface of the orange.
  • propulsion [prəˈpʌlʃən] n.
    Propulsion is the force that moves something forward.
    The propulsion lifted the rocket into the sky.
  • simulate [ˈsimjəleit] v.
    To simulate something means to copy its actions or characteristics.
    The French language teacher could simulate the accent of a French citizen.
  • spur [spəːr] v.
    To spur someone means to urge them into action.
    The coach’s speech spurred her team into playing the best game of their lives.
  • stimulate [ˈstimjəleit] v.
    To stimulate something means to cause or to increase activity in it.
    Doctors sometimes use electric shock to stimulate a patient’s heartbeat.
  • tenacious [təˈneiʃəs] adj.
    If someone is tenacious, then they do not easily give up.
    I’m sure that he’ll finish that difficult sale. He is very tenacious.
Exercise 1

Choose the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

  1. defect
    • a. perfect
    • b. broken
    • c. clean
    • d. magical
  2. innovation
    • a. obsolete
    • b. cunning
    • c. original
    • d. compatible
  3. accelerate
    • a. speed up
    • b. slow down
    • c. open
    • d. melt
  4. meteorological
    • a. weather
    • b. past
    • c. body
    • d. mind
  5. dreary
    • a. bright
    • b. fluorescent
    • c. frigid
    • d. dull
Exercise 2

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

  1. You can hear because sound causes activity in the tiny hairs on the inside of your ear.
    ____________
  2. Some worms are small enough to enter into the skin without being detected.
    ____________
  3. She tried to copy the way her best friend dressed.
    ____________
  4. The teacher offered the kids candy in order to urge them into finishing their homework.
    ____________
  5. In science class, we learned about the particles in atoms that have a negative electric charge.
    ____________
  6. Every time the children’s fort fell down, they built it again and better.
    ____________
  7. She took classes in the science that studies the weather and became a weatherperson.
    ____________
  8. The small airplane flew without any effort through the sky.
    ____________
  9. A rocket requires a lot of fuel in order to start it into the sky.
    ____________
  10. Amanda is quite an intelligent girl for her young age.
    ____________
Exercise 3

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.

  1. ______ Just when you thought you’d caught up to Brian, he’d accelerate and quickly get away.
  2. ______ The orchestra made a very tenacious sound, and many in the audience decided to leave.
  3. ______ Dan had duplicated the sculpture exactly. It now looked nothing like the original one.
  4. ______ Lions are dangerous hunters. They can glide through the air to capture their prey.
  5. ______ They had a picnic in the park and launched on small sandwiches and grapes.
  6. ______ We made a small toy train that stimulated how real trains worked 100 years ago.
  7. ______ Cellular phones are one of the most popular innovations in the world today.
  8. ______ The knight’s sword could not penetrate his opponent’s armor.
  9. ______ The thought of his warm bed spurred the traveler on through the cold night.
  10. ______ We didn’t mind that our paintings got ruined. It was fun to start them anew.
  11. ______ Satellites are very important for gathering meteorological data.
  12. ______ Fish use their fins for propulsion in the water.
  13. ______ I wish Dad wasn’t so innovative. He always comes into my room without knocking.
  14. ______ Some metals are attracted to other metals due to an electromagnetic force.
  15. ______ Certain kinds of light can simulate flowers into producing seeds earlier than usual.
  16. ______ John is so ingenious. He hasn’t passed a single test so far this year.
  17. ______ I’ve always been interested in meteors. That’s why I want to study meteorology.
  18. ______ The lake was frightening. The water was still and dreary.
  19. ______ Everyone who voted in the electron was given the day off of work.
  20. ______ The new pot looked perfect. It was covered in new, shiny defects.
Answer Key
Exercise 1
  1. b
  2. c
  3. a
  4. a
  5. d
Exercise 2
  1. stimulates
  2. penetrate
  3. duplicate
  4. spur
  5. electrons
  6. anew
  7. meteorology
  8. glided
  9. launch
  10. ingenious
Exercise 3
  1. C
  2. I
  3. I
  4. I
  5. I
  6. I
  7. C
  8. C
  9. C
  10. C
  11. C
  12. C
  13. I
  14. C
  15. I
  16. I
  17. I
  18. C
  19. I
  20. I
Answer Key
The Tenacious Inventor

A young student of meteorology was having a difficult time with an experiment. He was attempting to duplicate lightning in clouds. He had made a device that could simulate lightning. It worked by releasing an electromagnetic pulse into the cloud. This pulse, in turn, stimulated the electrons in the cloud’s particles. Then the electrons produced lightning.

But his meteorological experiment had a major defect. He couldn’t get the device into the sky.

He had tied it to balloons, but they had burst. He had shot the device from a cannon, but the force of the cannon had damaged it.

“You should give up,” his friends told him. “You’ll never get that thing into the air.”

But his friends’ criticisms only spurred him to try again. The student was very innovative, and at last, he thought that he had an innovation that would work. He attached wings to the device, and on one dreary day, when clouds blocked the light of the sun, he started his experiment anew.

He placed the device on a rocket and launched it into the sky. The propulsion of the rocket carried the device high into the air. The rocket accelerated into the clouds and then released the device. It glided on its wings through the clouds, and when it penetrated the center of a large black cloud, it emitted the electromagnetic pulse. And just as he had predicted, lightning shot from the cloud!

He called his professors, and the next day they came to watch. He successfully duplicated the experiment. His teachers were extremely impressed and called the student and his invention ingenious.

The student was given many awards and became a famous inventor. He had not given up. He had remained tenacious and succeeded.

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ The student of meteorology had bought a device that simulated lightning in clouds.
    • _____________________________________________________
  2. _____ The electromagnetic pulse stimulated the electrons in the cloud’s particles.
    • _____________________________________________________
  3. _____ The student’s friends’ criticisms spurred him to try his experiment anew.
    • _____________________________________________________
  4. _____ It was a dreary day when the device glided into the clouds.
    • _____________________________________________________
  5. _____ The propulsion of the rocket accelerated the speed of the lightning.
    • _____________________________________________________

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. What was the defect of the student’s meteorological experiment?
    _____________
  2. What innovation did the innovative student use to launch his device into the clouds?
    _____________
  3. For whom did the student duplicate his ingenious experiment?
    _____________
  4. What did the device do when it finally penetrated the center of a large black cloud?
    _____________
  5. What happened to the student because he was tenacious?
    _____________
Answer Key
Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
Part A
  1. F / The student of meteorology had made a device that simulated lightning in clouds.
  2. T
  3. T
  4. T
  5. F / The propulsion of the rocket carried the device high into the air.
Part B
  1. The meteorological experiment had a major defect. It couldn't get into the sky.
  2. He placed the device on a rocket and launched it into the sky.
  3. He duplicated the experiment for his professors (or teachers.)
  4. When it penetrated the center of a large black cloud, it emitted the electromagnetic pulse.
  5. Because he was so tenacious, the student had succeeded.
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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 1: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 2: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 3: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 4: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 5: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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