4000 Essential English Words 6 » Unit 21: The Mayor of Sherman

Word List
  • abolish [əˈbɒliʃ] v.
    To abolish something means to put an end to it, such as a system or law.
    President Lincoln abolished slavery in the US.
  • amend [əˈmend] v.
    To amend something means to change it to improve or make it accurate.
    The countries were in agreement that the treaty needed to be amended.
  • aspire [əsˈpaiər] v.
    To aspire means to have a strong desire to achieve or do something.
    George aspired to be a doctor from a young age.
  • censor [ˈsensər] v.
    To censor information means to remove it if it is rude or rebellious.
    To protect innocent people, the location of the bomb was censored.
  • charter [ˈtʃɑːrtər] n.
    A charter is a document that describes the rights of an organization or group.
    The company charter explained that all employees had to pay a tax.
  • constitution [ˌkɒnstəˈtjuːʃən] n.
    A constitution is a document of principles for a government.
    The country’s constitution said a prime minister could only serve three terms.
  • cosmopolitan [ˌkɒzməˈpɒlətən] adj.
    When a place is cosmopolitan, it is full of people from many different places.
    There are dozens of different types of restaurants in a cosmopolitan city.
  • disseminate [diˈseməneit] v.
    To disseminate information or knowledge means to distribute it.
    The organization disseminates information about the dangers of smoking.
  • flatter [ˈflætər] v.
    To flatter people means to praise them in an effort to please them.
    He was just flattering me when he said that my new dress looked gorgeous.
  • infamous [ˈinfəməs] adj.
    When someone is infamous, they are well known for something bad.
    That news channel is infamous for presenting biased information.
  • lame [leim] adj.
    If one is lame, they cannot walk properly due to an injury to the leg or foot.
    The terrible accident left many people dead and several others lame.
  • limp [imp] v.
    To limp means to walk with difficulty because someone’s leg or foot is hurt.
    After the injury, the player limped off of the field.
  • outburst [ˈautbəːrst] n.
    An outburst is a sudden, strong expression of an emotion.
    There was an outburst of cheers when the comedian took the stage.
  • pathological [ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒikəl] adj.
    When a behavior is pathological, it is extreme, unacceptable, and uncontrollable.
    The pathological liar could not even tell the truth about unimportant matters.
  • phenomenal [fiˈnɒmənl] adj.
    When something is phenomenal, it is unusually great.
    The child’s ability to play the piano is nothing short of phenomenal.
  • poll [poul] n.
    A poll is a survey in which people give their opinions about important things.
     The poll showed that many people support the plan to stop gang violence.
  • remorse [riˈmɔːrs] n.
    Remorse is a strong feeling of sadness and regret.
    When I realized what I did, I felt remorse for my actions.
  • secrecy [ˈsiːkrəsi] n.
    Secrecy is the behavior of keeping things secret.
    The secrecy of the big organization made the government nervous.
  • tackle [ˈtækəl] v.
    To tackle something means to deal with it in a determined and efficient way.
    Such social problems need to be tackled right away.
  • trance [træns] n.
    A trance is a a state where people seem asleep and have no control of themselves.
    The woman’s powerful eyes often put men in a trance.
Exercise 1

Choose the answer that best fits the question.

  1. What might be abolished?
    • a. A rule
    • b. A toy
    • c. A car
    • d. A star
  2. Who tackles crime?
    • a. Bankers
    • b. Criminals
    • c. Postal workers
    • d. Police officers
  3. Who is infamous?
    • a. A trusting friend
    • b. An evil king
    • c. A tiny puppy
    • d. A newborn baby
  4. If a behavior is pathological, it ______.
    • a. is envied
    • b. cannot be controlled
    • c. can be bad
    • d. is pleasant
  5. Who might be lame?
    • a. A healthy baby
    • b. An athlete
    • c. A young man
    • d. Someone in a wheelchair
  6. A trance is most similar to ______.
    • a. dancing
    • b. eating
    • c. showering
    • d. sleeping
  7. What is most likely to have a charter?
    • a. An unknown island
    • b. A new automobile
    • c. A large company
    • d. A basketball
  8. What might be censored?
    • a. A newspaper
    • b. A fly
    • c. A cruise
    • d. Cell phone
  9. If your skills are phenomenal, they are ______.
    • a. ordinary
    • b. not appreciated
    • c. in need of practice
    • d. great
  10. Which area is likely to be cosmopolitan?
    • a. A television set
    • b. A bedroom
    • c. A big city
    • d. A small village
Exercise 2

Choose the one that is opposite in meaning to the given word.

  1. lame
    • a. rude
    • b. kind
    • c. smart
    • d. healthy
  2. secrecy
    • a. well known
    • b. hidden
    • c. upset
    • d. popularity
  3. abolish
    • a. great
    • b. start
    • c. round
    • d. caring
  4. remorse
    • a. again
    • b. grief
    • c. happiness
    • d. glow
  5. disseminate
    • a. distribute
    • b. collect
    • c. open
    • d. forget
Exercise 3

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

  1. His moving speech caused a huge strong, sudden expression of happy tears.
    ____________
  2. The main goal of the group was to distribute information about the needs of the poor.
    ____________
  3. The wounded soldier had to walk with difficulty because of a hurt foot back to the base.
    ____________
  4. We excitedly watched the results of the survey in which people give opinions.
    ____________
  5. The boys have a strong desire to finish college in less than three years.
    ____________
  6. When he saw how badly things had turned out, he felt a strong feeling of sadness and regret.
    ____________
  7. It is a difficult process to improve the official rulebook.
    ____________
  8. Those salesmen praise in an insincere way people to trick them into buying useless items.
    ____________
  9. The document of principles for the government was based on freedom for all people.
    ____________
  10. We were immediately suspicious of the boy because of his act of keeping things secret.
    ____________
Exercise 4

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.

  1. ______ The boy tackled when he slipped on the ice.
  2. ______ Many different languages are spoken in this cosmopolitan area.
  3. ______ The trance was a beautiful arrangement of fruits and flowers on the table.
  4. ______ The doctor had to amend the man’s lungs to help him breathe better.
  5. ______ The new country created a strong constitution to help guide it through the years.
Answer Key
Exercise 1
  1. a
  2. d
  3. b
  4. b
  5. d
  6. d
  7. c
  8. a
  9. d
  10. c
Exercise 2
  1. d
  2. a
  3. b
  4. c
  5. b
Exercise 3
  1. outburst
  2. disseminate
  3. limp
  4. poll
  5. aspire
  6. remorse
  7. amend
  8. flatter
  9. constitution
  10. secrecy
Exercise 4
  1. I
  2. C
  3. I
  4. I
  5. C
Answer Key
The Mayor of Sherman

The cosmopolitan city of Sherman needed to elect a new mayor. Two men aspired to become mayor: Mr. Jones and Mr. Webb. Mr. Jones was a tall, handsome man. He was a phenomenal speaker, and the citizens loved him. However, Mr. Jones didn’t know much about running a city. He was a pathological liar who merely flattered people with his words. Mr. Webb was very different. He was a small, unattractive man. He was lame and limped when he walked. But he was an expert on politics and knew what was best for the people.

The citizens of Sherman didn’t care about what the politicians had to say. No one listened to Mr. Webb, even though he had great ideas. They cheered when Mr. Jones spoke, although he didn’t talk about important things. His pretty words put people in a trance. All the polls predicted that Mr. Jones would win the election.

When the votes were totaled, Mr. Jones won easily. But when he took office, he didn’t know what to do! He tried to hide his ignorance by working in secrecy. He added a law to the city’s constitution that prevented citizens from seeing the mayor. He even censored newspapers that tried to disseminate information about his inability to help the people.

Soon, however, Mr. Jones became infamous for his poor leadership. There was an outburst of anger among the citizens. They were full of remorse for their misguided decision to elect an ignorant mayor. They voted to remove Mr. Jones and let Mr. Webb take over. Immediately, Mr. Webb proved that he was a great mayor. He abolished Mr. Jones’s law, and he was willing to talk openly with everyone. He tackled important issues and amended unfair laws in the city’s charter.

The citizens learned that a pleasant appearance and nice words do not make a good leader. The most important qualities are intelligence and a desire to help others.

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ Two men aspired to be mayor of the cosmopolitan city of Sherman.
    • _____________________________________________________
  2. _____ Mr. Jones was a pathological speaker who flattered people with his words.
    • _____________________________________________________
  3. _____ Mr. Webb was lame, so he limped when he walked.
    • _____________________________________________________
  4. _____ Mr. Webb tackled important issues and amended unfair laws in the city charter.
    • _____________________________________________________
  5. _____ Mr. Jones censored newspapers that tried to disseminate outbursts of anger.
    • _____________________________________________________

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. What did the polls predict after the people were put into a trance?
    _____________
  2. What misguided decision did the people feel remorse for making?
    _____________
  3. What was Mr. Webb willing to do after he abolished Mr. Jones’s laws from the constitution?
    _____________
  4. What did the phenomenal speaker become infamous for?
    _____________
  5. What was Mr. Jones trying to do by working in secrecy?
    _____________
Answer Key
Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
Part A
  1. T
  2. F / Mr. Jones was a pathological liar who flattered people with his words.
  3. T
  4. T
  5. F / Mr. Jones censored newspapers that tried to disseminate information about his inability to help the people.
Part B
  1. The polls predicted that Mr. Jones would win the election.
  2. The decision to elect an ignorant mayor.
  3. He was willing to talk openly with everyone.
  4. The phenomenal speaker became infamous for his poor leadership.
  5. He was trying to hide his ignorance.
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