4000 Essential English Words 6 » Unit 5: A Bet

Word List
  • alternate [ˈɔ:ltərneit] v.
    To alternate means to switch back and forth between two things.
    The best exercise alternates muscle and heart strengthening.
  • apologetic [əˌpɒləˈdʒetik] adj.
    If someone is apologetic, they are sorry about something.
    The boy felt apologetic after losing his sister’s favorite toy.
  • benign [biˈnain] adj.
    If something or someone is benign, they do not hurt anyone.
    Many spiders look scary, but most are actually benign.
  • char [tʃɑːr] v.
    To char means to burn something so that it turns black.
    While Frank went inside to get the mustard, he accidentally charred the hotdogs.
  • clarify [ˈklærəfai] v.
    To clarify means to make something easier to understand by explaining it.
    Drew tried to clarify all the functions of Michelle’s new computer.
  • dogged [ˈdɔ(:)gid] adj.
    When someone’s actions are dogged, they try hard to continue something.
    Her dad bought her a new jacket after her dogged requests for one.
  • distress [disˈtres] n.
    Distress is the feeling of being upset or worried.
    Failing a class caused the student a lot of distress.
  • ensue [inˈsuː] v.
    To ensue means to happen after something.
    After a few minutes of lightening, thunder ensued.
  • gasp [gæsp] v.
    To gasp means to make a noise by quickly breathing in when surprised.
    John always gasps when watching a scary movie.
  • negotiate [niˈgouʃieit] v.
    To negotiate means to try to make an agreement through discussion.
    Mario and Joe took a long time negotiating the contract between the companies.
  • overdose [ˈouvərdous] n.
    An overdose is an instance of taking or having too much of something.
    John’s skin was burned from an overdose of sunshine.
  • persuasion [pərˈsweiʒən] n.
    Persuasion is the act of making someone do or believe something.
    The persuasion of his argument convinced the customer to buy the laptop.
  • relay [ˈriːlei] n.
    A relay is a race in which teams of runners or swimmers race against each other.
    Jerry was the fastest on his team, so he ran the last part of the relay.
  • reluctance [riˈlʌktəns] n.
    Reluctance is a feeling of not wanting to do something.
    Jesse took out the trash with great reluctance.
  • restate [riːˈsteit] v.
    To restate something means to say it again or in a different way.
    Mrs. Jones restated the test question to the class.
  • sesame [ˈsesəmi] n.
    Sesame is an herb that is grown for its small seeds and its oil.
    I used the buns with the sesame seeds on them.
  • sip [sip] v.
    To sip something means to drink a small amount at a time.
    Liza relaxed on the beach, sipping fruit juice through a straw.
  • verge [vəːrdʒ] n.
    The verge is the point at which something is about to happen.
    Joan was on the verge of leaving her house when the phone rang.
  • wary [ˈwɛəri] adj.
    If someone is wary, they are cautious or mistrusting.
    She was wary of going to school because she hadn’t done her homework.
  • waver [ˈweivə:r] v.
    To waver is to be unable to decide between two choices.
    I wavered between eating the apple or the cake for a snack.
Exercise 1

Choose the answer that best fits the question.

  1. An overdose of something is _______.
    • a. expensive
    • b. too much
    • c. not true
    • d. not enough
  2. What might cause someone to gasp?
    • a. Falling asleep
    • b. Getting a surprise party
    • c. Eating too much
    • d. Laying on a bed
  3. What is something that can be sipped?
    • a. A plate of rice
    • b. A bowl of fruit
    • c. A glass of soda
    • d. A piece of chicken
  4. If you knew that a snake was benign, you would probably feel like this:
    • a. Fine
    • b. Scared
    • c. Angry
    • d. Hungry
  5. She felt apologetic about _______.
    • a. calling her friend back
    • b. walking home alone
    • c. forgetting her friend’s birthday
    • d. giving to charity
  6. If people are negotiating, what are they doing?
    • a. Deciding on something
    • b. Arguing about a silly topic
    • c. Meeting for the first time
    • d. Going on a date
  7. What does charred meat look like?
    • a. It is raw and not cooked enough.
    • b. It is cooked perfectly.
    • c. It is black on the outside.
    • d. It is red on the outside.
  8. If someone does something with reluctance, how do they feel?
    • a. Excited
    • b. Unwilling
    • c. Frightened
    • d. Nervous
  9. What might ensue after someone has misplaced a lot of money?
    • a. A worried search
    • b. A visit from the doctor
    • c. The arrival of a friend
    • d. A party
  10. What might cause a teacher distress?
    • a. All the students doing their homework
    • b. Her students always arriving on time
    • c. Her students not coming to class
    • d. Her students all passing an exam
Exercise 2

Choose the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

  1. reluctance
    • a. loneliness
    • b. hesitance
    • c. dependence
    • d. lateness
  2. apologetic
    • a. unsure
    • b. lucky
    • c. sorry
    • d. pitiful
  3. char
    • a. burn
    • b. cook
    • c. on fire
    • d. dark
  4. relay
    • a. plate
    • b. race
    • c. desert
    • d. snack
  5. persuasion
    • a. talent
    • b. influence
    • c. ripeness
    • d. climate
  6. restate
    • a. decide
    • b. discuss
    • c. lose
    • d. summarize
  7. gasp
    • a. breathe
    • b. announce
    • c. mean
    • d. drink
  8. negotiate
    • a. decide
    • b. discuss
    • c. fair
    • d. ask
  9. sesame
    • a. container
    • b. food
    • c. an animal
    • d. shell
  10. verge
    • a. edge
    • b. done
    • c. plan
    • d. last
Exercise 3

Choose the one that is opposite in meaning to the given word.

  1. benign
    • a. quick
    • b. painful
    • c. harmful
    • d. warm
  2. dogged
    • a. working
    • b. arrival
    • c. flexible
    • d. serious
  3. clarify
    • a. confuse
    • b. clean
    • c. do again
    • d. order
  4. waver
    • a. river
    • b. determine
    • c. chili
    • d. solid
  5. distress
    • a. thoughtful
    • b. reasonable
    • c. peace
    • d. surprising
  6. sip
    • a. gulp
    • b. laugh
    • c. provide
    • d. keep
  7. alternate
    • a. divide
    • b. move
    • c. travel
    • d. continue
  8. overdose
    • a. lack
    • b. mixture
    • c. teacher
    • d. cottage
  9. wary
    • a. tired
    • b. mad
    • c. small
    • d. trusting
  10. ensue
    • a. come before
    • b. safe
    • c. punish
    • d. ask about
Answer Key
Exercise 1
  1. b
  2. b
  3. c
  4. a
  5. c
  6. a
  7. c
  8. b
  9. a
  10. c
Exercise 2
  1. b
  2. c
  3. a
  4. b
  5. b
  6. d
  7. a
  8. b
  9. b
  10. a
Exercise 3
  1. c
  2. c
  3. a
  4. b
  5. c
  6. a
  7. d
  8. a
  9. d
  10. a
Answer Key
A Bet

Russell finished running a relay and joined his friend Becky in the cafeteria. He asked, “What’s for lunch?”

Sesame chicken. It’s OK, except the meat’s charred. Oh, and watch out for the chili peppers,” Becky said.

“Chilies don’t bother me!” said Russell.

“ My stepmother says you should be careful with them,” replied Becky.

An argument ensued about eating chilies. “Chilies aren’t so bad. I bet I can take more bites of this chili than you,” Russell said.

Becky was wary of eating the pepper. Despite her reluctance, she didn’t want to say no to the bet. She wavered about whether to do it or not. She negotiated the details. “What will the winner get?” she asked.

“The loser has to carry the winner’s books for a year! I’ll even let you go first.”

Becky replied, “ Fine, but to clarify, you’ll carry my books for the entire school year, right?”

Russell restated the agreement, “That’s right I’ll carry your books all year if you win—which you won’t!”

His dogged persuasion convinced her. The chili looked benign, but Becky knew it could cause a lot of pain. She bit the bottom of the pepper. Surprisingly, she felt nothing.

“ My turn,” said Russell. He bit the middle of the chili. Immediately, he seemed to be in distress. He gasped and his face alternated between brave and pained expressions. He experienced an overdose of spice. He was on the verge of tears and finally let out a horrible cry.

“Take this,” said Becky, handing him her drink.

“That was awful!” he said, continuing to sip from the glass.

That night, Becky researched chilies. The next day she said in an apologetic voice, “ I read that the hot part of chilies is in the middle, where the seeds are. I’m sorry—I feel like I cheated by going first.”

Russell was relieved, not only did he learn something new about chilies, but he learned that Becky was a good friend.

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ Becky was having charred sesame chicken for lunch.
    • _____________________________________________________
  2. _____ The argument ensued because Becky wavered about whether to run the relay.
    • _____________________________________________________
  3. _____ After Russell and Becky negotiated the bet, they decided that whoever lost would carry the winner’s books for a year.
    • _____________________________________________________
  4. _____ Russell was wary about eating the pepper even if it looked benign.
    • _____________________________________________________
  5. _____ Becky was apologetic because of her choice to take the first bite of the pepper.
    • _____________________________________________________

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. Why did Becky take the bet in spite of her reluctance?
    _____________
  2. Why did Russell have to restate the terms of the bet?
    _____________
  3. How did Becky know that Russell was in distress and had an overdose of spice after he ate the pepper?
    _____________
  4. Who warned Becky about chilies?
    _____________
  5. What did Russell do after he ate the chili?
    _____________
Answer Key
Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
Part A
  1. T
  2. F / The argument ensued about eating chilies.
  3. T
  4. F / Becky was wary about eating the pepper even if it looked benign.
  5. F / Becky was apologetic because she felt like she cheated by taking the first bite.
Part B
  1. Becky took the bet because of Russell’s dogged persuasion.
  2. Russell had to restate the terms to clarify for Becky.
  3. Becky knew Russell was in distress because he gasped, then his expressions alternated between pained and brave, and he was on the verge of tears.
  4. Becky’s stepmother warned her to be careful with chilies.
  5. Russell sipped from the beverage.
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