4000 Essential English Words 6 » Unit 7: Greek Magical Papyri

Word List
  • altar [ˈɔ:ltər] n.
    An altar is a table used in churches.
    The altar had many lit candles on it.
  • arthritis [ɑːrˈθraitis] n.
    Arthritis is an illness causing pain and swelling in a person’s joints.
    Agatha couldn’t play the piano anymore because of her arthritis.
  • botany [ˈbɒtəni] n.
    Botany is the study of plants.
    Gardens are the best places for botany.
  • credible [ˈkredəbəl] adj.
    If something or someone is credible, they can be believed or trusted.
    Dick gave a credible reason for being late and didn’t get in any trouble.
  • deceased [diˈsiːst] adj.
    If someone is deceased, they are dead.
    We visited the graves of our deceased grandparents.
  • deception [diˈsepʃən] n.
    Deception is the act of lying or tricking someone.
    The magic looked very real, but it was only deception.
  • decipher [diˈsaifər] v.
    To decipher writing is to figure out what it says.
    My teacher complained that she couldn’t decipher my essay.
  • dung [dʌŋ] n.
    Dung is solid waste material produced by animals.
    There was cow dung all over the field.
  • dusk [dʌsk] n.
    Dusk is the time in the evening when it begins to get dark.
    After dusk, Hannah would catch fireflies in the park.
  • gratify [ˈgrætəfai] v.
    To gratify someone means to please them.
    Bonnie was gratified after receiving her gift from her parents.
  • hone [houn] v.
    To hone something is to improve it and make it very good.
    Lisa honed her chess skills by hours and hours of practice.
  • mash [mæʃ] v.
    To mash something is to crush it so that it is soft.
    We mashed the hard potatoes and served them for dinner.
  • ornate [ɔːrˈneit] adj.
    If something is ornate, it is decorated with a lot of fancy things.
    Kim’s prom dress was very expensive since it was so ornate.
  • pneumonia [njuːˈmounjə] n.
    Pneumonia is a dangerous illness causing the lungs to fill with liquid.
    Elaine got pneumonia after playing outside in the rain without a coat.
  • psychic [ˈsaikik] adj.
    When someone is psychic, they know what will happen or what people think.
    I think my grandmother has psychic abilities because she can predict anything.
  • psychotic [saiˈkɒtik] adj.
    If someone is psychotic, they have a very serious mental illness.
    The psychotic patient believed he saw things that weren’t real.
  • scope [skoup] n.
    The scope of something is how many people or things it relates to.
    Modern history has a wide scope.
  • sinister [ˈsinistə:r] adj.
    If something or someone is sinister, they are evil.
    Bad guys in most movies have sinister laughs.
  • strife [straif] n.
    Strife is disagreement or fighting between people or groups.
    There was a lot of strife between Jim and Lisa about what TV show to watch.
  • therapeutic [ˌθerəˈpjuːtik] adj.
    If something is therapeutic, it helps to cure a disease or makes you healthier.
    After a stressful day of working, Phoebe would take a therapeutic bath.
Exercise 1

Choose the one that is opposite in meaning to the given word.

  1. credible
    • a. unbelievable
    • b. incorrect
    • c. sly
    • d. unprocessed
  2. deceased
    • a. healed
    • b. affected
    • c. young
    • d. alive
  3. ornate
    • a. unworthy
    • b. simple
    • c. cruel
    • d. blessed
  4. therapeutic
    • a. valued
    • b. sickening
    • c. unavailable
    • d. extra
  5. dusk
    • a. moon
    • b. sunrise
    • c. eclipse
    • d. month
Exercise 2

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

  1. The journalist checked all her sources to make sure they were believable.
    ____________
  2. The hospital had a separate section for very mentally ill people.
    ____________
  3. The child’s handwriting was almost impossible to figure out.
    ____________
  4. The priest stood behind a(n) table used in religious ceremonies.
    ____________
  5. Her new sweater was colorful and decorated.
    ____________
  6. My dad crushes food for my baby brother because he doesn’t have teeth yet.
    ____________
  7. People with an ailment affecting the joints are often unable to do physical activities.
    ____________
  8. Some people think I have future seeing powers, but in reality I’m just very observant.
    ____________
  9. Cows release so much waste material that some scientists believe they harm the environment
    ____________
  10. He didn’t like attending the opera, but he did it to satisfy his mother.
    ____________
Exercise 3

Choose the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

  1. hone
    • a. game
    • b. pain
    • c. curse
    • d. improve
  2. gratify
    • a. admire
    • b. please
    • c. approve
    • d. layer
  3. mash
    • a. crush
    • b. place
    • c. leave
    • d. gather
  4. strife
    • a. hurt
    • b. death
    • c. conflict
    • d. weakness
  5. sinister
    • a. evil
    • b. futuristic
    • c. willful
    • d. thoughtless
Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank.

WORD BLANK
deceased decipher sinister pneumonia
dusk scope botany therapeutic
strife deception    

The 1___________ of the medical book is broad.
It deals with all illnesses from colds to 2___________ .

Marcia found the sound of the river 3___________ .
She went there every day at 4___________ to relieve her stress.

The criminal fooled everyone with his 5___________ .
If only someone had stopped him from doing his 6___________ crimes.

Solomon’s grandmother was 7___________ .
Before she died, she taught him a lot about gardening and 8___________ .

After the war, there was much 9___________ about land.
It was difficult for the people to 10___________ the new laws about ownership.

Answer Key
Exercise 1
  1. a
  2. d
  3. b
  4. b
  5. b
Exercise 2
  1. credible
  2. psychotic
  3. decipher
  4. altar
  5. ornate
  6. mashes
  7. arthritis
  8. psychic
  9. dung
  10. gratify
Exercise 3
  1. d
  2. b
  3. a
  4. c
  5. a
Exercise 4
  1. scope
  2. pneumonia
  3. therapeutic
  4. dusk
  5. deception
  6. sinister
  7. deceased
  8. botany
  9. strife
  10. decipher
Answer Key
Greek Magical Papyri

The Greek Magical Papyri is a collection of writing about magic. After it was found in the Egyptian desert, it took experts years to decipher it. The text was written in at least three different ancient languages. After many years, experts realized it contained a number of spells that varied greatly in scope.

The most common types of magic in the collection dealt with healing illnesses like pneumonia. Some spells also gave advice for treating people with mental illnesses, such as those who became psychotic. Some spells asked for unusual things, like crocodile dung. But botany was an important part of the magic. Many healing spells gave instructions on how to use herbs and plants that were believed to be therapeutic. For example, in order to cure arthritis, the book says that the magician should build an ornate altar. Then he should mash different types of herbs and place them on top of it. At dusk, he is supposed to say a spell, so the gods would be gratified.

Other parts of the collection describe how to hone one’s psychic abilities and how to give credible descriptions of the future. Often, the book advised people how to use different objects to tell the future, including tea leaves. Also, one part of the book tells what different dreams might mean. It gives advice for using dreams to tell the future.

A small part of the book, however, is more sinister than the rest. It is meant to cause strife and deception. For example, one tells how to give someone warts, while another will make all of the victim’s farm animals die. However, if someone’s farm animals died as a result of a curse, he could ask a magician to perform magic that makes the deceased come back to life.

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ The Greek Magical Papyri was hard to decipher because it was too large in scope.
    • _____________________________________________________
  2. _____ The book is about botany.
    • _____________________________________________________
  3. _____ The book gave advice for using crocodile dung to heal.
    • _____________________________________________________
  4. _____ A spell is spoken at dusk to become more credible.
    • _____________________________________________________
  5. _____ The book had instructions for honing one’s psychic powers.
    • _____________________________________________________

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. What illnesses does the book have advice for healing?
    _____________
  2. What kind of plants does the book recommend using?
    _____________
  3. What should someone do if they want to cure arthritis?
    _____________
  4. What does the sinister part of the book focus on?
    _____________
  5. What could someone ask a magician to do if their farm animals died?
    _____________

Answer Key
Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
Part A
  1. F / The Greek Magical Papyri was hard to decipher because it was written in at least three different ancient languages.
  2. F / The book is about magic.
  3. T
  4. F / A spell was spoken at dusk to gratify the gods.
  5. T
Part B
  1. The book gives advice for curing arthritis, pneumonia, and psychotic people.
  2. The book recommends using plants like herbs believed to be therapeutic.
  3. A person trying to heal arthritis should build an ornate altar and place mashed herbs on it. Then he or she should say a spell at dusk.
  4. The sinister part of the book focuses on causing strife and deception.
  5. A farmer whose animals died could ask a magician to perform magic that makes the deceased come back to life.
Favorite Books

The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 1: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

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The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 2: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

Read more

The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 3: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

Read more

The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 4: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

Read more

The activities in "4000 Essential English Words" are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. 4000 Essential English Words 5: 600 words (Unit 1 - Unit 30).

Read more