Unit 51: Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so / I hope so etc.

English Grammar in Use With Answers » Unit 51: Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so / I hope so etc.

In each of these sentences there is an auxiliary verb and a main verb:

I	have	lost	my keys.
She	can't	come	to the party.
The hotel	was	built	ten years ago.
Where	do you	live?

In these examples have/can't/was/do are auxiliary (= helping) verbs.

You can use an auxiliary verb when you don't want to repeat something:

'Have you locked the door?' 'Yes, I have.' (= I have locked the door)
Gary wasn't working, but Laura was. (= Laura was working)
Jessica could lend me the money, but she won't. (= she won't lend me the money)

Use do/does/did for the present and past simple:

'Do you like onions?' 'Yes, I do.' (= I like onions)
'Does Simon live in London?' 'He did, but he doesn't any more.'

You can use auxiliary verbs to deny what somebody says (= say it is not true):

'You're sitting in my place.' 'No, I'm not.' (= I'm not sitting in your place)
'You didn't lock the door before you left.' 'Yes, I did.' (= I locked the door)

We use have you? / isn't she? / do they? etc. to show interest in what somebody has said, or to show surprise:

'I've just seen Stephen.' 'Oh, have you? How is he?'
'Lisa isn't very well today.' 'Oh, isn't she? What's wrong with her?'
'It rained every day during our holiday.' 'Did it? What a shame!'
'James and Tanya are getting married.' 'Are they? Really?'

We use auxiliary verbs with so and neither:

'I'm tired.' 'So am I.' (= I'm tired too)
'I never read newspapers.' 'Neither do I.' (= I never read newspapers either)
Sarah hasn't got a car and neither has Mark.

Note the word order after so and neither (verb before subject):

I passed the exam and so did Paul. (not so Paul did)

Instead of neither, you can use nor. You can also use not ... either:

'I don't know.' 'Neither do I.' or 'Nor do I.' or 'I don't either.'

I think so / I hope so etc.

After some verbs we use so when we don't want to repeat something:

'Are those people Korean?' 'I think so.' (= I think they are Korean)
'Will you be at home this evening?' 'I expect so. (= I expect I'll beat home ... )
'Do you think Kate has been invited to the party?' 'I suppose so.'

In the same way we say: I hope so, I guess so and I'm afraid so.

The usual negative forms are:

I think so / I expect so	→	I don't think so / I don't expect so
I hope so / I'm afraid so / I guess so	→	I hope not / I'm afraid not / I guess not
I suppose so	→	I don't suppose so or I suppose not

'Is that woman American?' 'I think so. / I don't think so.'
'Do you think it will rain ?' 'I hope so. / I hope not.' (not I don't hope so)

51.1 Complete each sentence with an auxiliary verb (do/was/could etc.). Sometimes the verb must be negative (don't/wasn't etc.).

I wasn't tired, but my friends ⁽¹⁾ .
I like hot weather, but Ann ⁽²⁾ __________ .
'Is Andy here?' 'He ⁽³⁾ __________ five minutes ago, but I think he's gone home now.'
Liz said she might call me later this evening, but I don't think she ⁽⁴⁾ __________ .
'Are you and Chris coming to the party?' 'I ⁽⁵⁾ __________ , but Chris ⁽⁶⁾ __________ .'
I don't know whether to apply for the job or not. Do you think I ⁽⁷⁾ __________ ?
'Please don't tell anybody what I said.' 'Don't worry. I ⁽⁸⁾ __________ .'
'You never listen to me.' 'Yes, I ⁽⁹⁾ __________ !'
I thought it was going to rain, but it ⁽¹⁰⁾ __________ .
'Please help me.' 'I'm sorry. I ⁽¹¹⁾ __________ if I ⁽¹²⁾ __________ , but I ⁽¹³⁾ __________ .'

51.2 You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown.

Sue: I' m hungry.
You: .
Sue: I'm not tired.
You: .
Sue: I like football.
You: __________ .
Sue: I didn't enjoy the film.
You: __________ .
Sue: I've never been to Australia.
You: __________ .
Sue: I thought the exam was easy.
You: __________ .

51.3 You are talking to Tin a. If you're in the same position as Tin a, reply with So ... or Neither ... , as in the first example. Otherwise, ask questions as in the second example.

Tina: I'm tired.
You:
Tina: I work hard.
You:
Tina: I watched television last night.
You: __________
Tina: I won't be at home tomorrow.
You: __________
Tina: I like reading. I read a lot.
You: __________
Tina: I'd like to live somewhere else.
You: __________
Tina: I can't go out tonight.
You: __________

51.4 In these conversations, you are B. Read the information in brackets and then answer with I think so, I hope not etc.

(You don't like rain.)
A: Is it going to rain?
B: (hope) .
(You need more money quickly.)
A: Do you think you'll get a pay rise soon?
B: (hope) __________ .
(You think Katherine will probably get the job that she applied for.)
A: Do you think Katherine will get the job?
B: (expect) __________ .
(You're not sure whether Amy is married - probably not.)
A: Is Amy married?
B: (think) __________ .
(You are the receptionist at a hotel. The hotel is full.)
A: Have you got a room for tonight?
B: (afraid) __________ .
(You're at a party. You have to leave early.)
A: Do you have to leave already?
B: (afraid) __________ .
(Ann normally works every day, Monday to Friday. Tomorrow is Wednesday.)
A: Is Ann working tomorrow?
B: (suppose) __________ .
(You are going to a party. You can't stand John.)
A: Do you think John will be at the party?
B: (hope) __________ .
(You're not sure what time the concert is - probably 7.30.)
A: Is the concert at 7.30?
B: (think) __________ .

Answer Key

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